Kidney stones are a common problem, affecting millions of people. The cases of kidney stones have been increasing in recent years, and this is likely due to a number of factors, including changes in diet: people are eating more processed foods and less fruits and vegetables, which can increase the risk of kidney stones.
Types of Kidney Stones
There are four main types of kidney stones:
Calcium Oxalate Stones
These are the most common type of kidney stone, accounting for about 75% of all kidney stones. They are formed when calcium and oxalate, a substance found in certain foods, combine in the urine.
Struvite Stones
These stones are made up of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. They are often caused by a urinary tract infection.
Cystine Stones
These stones are made up of cystine, an amino acid. They are rare, but more common in people with a genetic disorder called cystinuria.
Uric Acid Stones
These stones are made up of uric acid, a waste product that is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are found in certain foods.